Forough Kazemi, Hemen Moradi-Sardareh, Reza Arjmand, Mehdi Tavalla*, Afshin Amari and Bahman Cheraghian Pages 335 - 343 ( 9 )
<p>Introduction: Breast cancer is considered the most frequent type of cancer in women with high mortality worldwide, and most importantly, it is the second most common cancer. However, some breast cancer-related risk factors remain unknown. So, the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of <i>Toxocara canis</i> on the biomarkers correlated with proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice infected with <i>Toxocara canis</i> for the first time. </p><p> Methods: Mice were categorized into four groups: A) control, B) treated with 4T1+ <i>Toxocara canis</i>, C) treated with <i>Toxocara canis</i>, and D) treated with 4T1. The expression of Ki-67 and P53 was then evaluated by using the immunohistochemical technique. In addition, the levels of transforming growth factor-β, Interferon gamma-γ, Interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor as well as anti- <i>Toxocara canis</i> IgG were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. </p><p> Results: The expression of Ki-67 was significantly increased in the 4T1+ <i>Toxocara canis</i> group than control and <i>Toxocara canis</i> groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant decrease in P53 was found in the 4T1+ <i>Toxocara canis</i> group than in the control and <i>Toxocara canis</i> groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> < 0.001, respectively). Also, the 4T1+ <i>Toxocara canis</i> group significantly reduced the expression of P53 more than 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (<i>P</i> = 0.005). In addition, the 4T1+ Toxocara canis group had an increasing tumor necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor than controls (<i>P</i> = 0.004 and <i>P</i> = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, a significant reduction in Interleukin 10 was found in the 4T1+ <i>Toxocara canis</i> group than in the control group (<i>P</i> = 0.004). </p><p> Conclusion: Our findings showed that <i>Toxocara canis</i> could probably increase the potential of breast cancer by reducing P53 in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice infected with <i>Toxocara canis</i> more than other groups.</p>
<i>Toxocara canis</i>, breast cancer, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, tumor size.